托馬斯·莫爾的代表作《烏托邦》作于1516年,用拉丁文寫成,1551年被譯成英文。“烏托邦”即“烏有之鄉”之意,是一個假想的島嶼。這個“烏托邦島”長500英里,寬200英里,呈月牙狀。島上居民的文化與教養遠遠高出其他所有地區的人。人們無憂無慮,人人平等,信仰自由,沒有剝削,沒有壓迫,每個人只需完成同等的勞動,財產共享?!盀跬邪睢睂崿F民主的最高形式是全島大會和議事會。“烏托邦”幾乎沒有法律,也不存在律師,由人們自理訴訟,法官做恰當的判決。托馬斯·莫爾在批判社會黑暗與資本原始積累的罪惡的基礎上,設計出一個完整的“烏托邦”社會藍圖,對“公有”的前提與內涵,做出合理而系統的闡釋,突破了封建君主政治模式與基督教“王權神授”政治理想的禁錮,蘊含了近代自由、民主、平等的政治意識,對后來的空想社會主義理論的發展以及科學社會主義理論的誕生,都產生了重要影響。
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Thomas Hardy's final novel "Jude the Obscure" began as a serial publication on December 1894 before being published in book form the following year. It is the story of its titular character Jude Fawley, a young lower-class man with dreams of being a scholar, and his relationships with his wife, Arabella, and his free-spirited cousin, Sue Bridehead. The novel follows the life of Jude from his youth living in a village in southern England where he works in a bakery and studies Classical Greek and Latin in his spare time with hopes of one day becoming a scholar at Christminster, a fictional city modeled after Oxford. His dreams are dashed however when he becomes ensnared by deceit into marriage with Arabella Donn, a coarse and superficial girl. What follows is a classic and tragic tale that plays upon many themes, principally of which is the idea that one's ruinous downfall is the product of having lived a sinful life. Having been harshly criticized in its day for its scandalous portrayals, "Jude the Obscure" has since been recognized as one of Hardy's finest and most intricate works.
《野性的呼喚》是由20世紀初美國著名小說家杰克·倫敦所著,并于1903年發表。全書以19世紀淘金熱為大背景,當時,強壯的拉雪橇的狗成為搶手貨。小說主人公是一條名叫巴克的狗,本來它是家養的,但被人偷走,變賣到生存環境十分惡劣的阿拉斯加,去拉雪橇。巴克不得不強迫自己適應環境,與其他的狗打架爭奪地位,最終生存下來,并成為動物群中的首領。該書出版后,即給杰克倫敦贏得巨大聲譽。早在1908年,該書就被改編成電影,此后,又多次被拍攝成電影。小說《白狼》于1906年出版發行,大背景也是19世紀的淘金熱潮,也是從狗的角度,來看待人類的小說,可以說是《野性的呼喚》的姊妹篇,小說在人性、道德與救贖方面都有很深刻的探索。該小說多次被排成電影,最后一次是1991年,被好萊塢排成電影,受到觀眾們的歡迎。本版本是美國人最認可的哥登堡權威本。